Στην βιολογία, το περιβάλλον μπορεί να καθοριστεί σαν ενα σύνολο κλιματικών, βιοτικών, κοινωνικών και εδαφικών παραγόντων που δρουν σε έναν οργανισμό και καθορίζουν την ανάπτυξη και την επιβίωση του. Έτσι, περιλαμβάνει οτιδήποτε μπορεί να επηρεάσει άμεσα τον μεταβολισμό ή τη συμπεριφορά των ζωντανών οργανισμών ή ειδών, όπως το φως, ο αέρας, το νερό, το έδαφος και άλλοι παράγοντες. Δείτε επίσης το άρθρο για το φυσικό περιβάλλον και τη φυσική επιλογή.
Στην αρχιτεκτονική, την εργονομία και την ασφάλεια στην εργασία, περιβάλλον είναι το σύνολο των χαρακτηριστικών ενός δωματίου ή κτιρίου που επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα ζωής και την αποδοτικότητα, περιλαμβανομένων των διαστάσεων και της διαρρύθμισης των χώρων διαβίωσης και της επίπλωσης, του φωτισμού, του αερισμού, της θερμοκρασίας, του θορύβου κλπ. Επίσης μπορεί να αναφέρεται στο σύνολο των δομικών κατασκευών. Δείτε επίσης το άρθρο για το δομημένο περιβάλλον.
Στην ψυχολογία, περιβαλλοντισμός είναι η θεωρία ότι το περιβάλλον (με τη γενική και κοινωνική έννοια) παίζει μεγαλύτερο ρόλο από την κληρονομικότητα καθορίζοντας την ανάπτυξη ενός ατόμου. Συγκεκριμένα, το περιβάλλον είναι ένας σημαντικός παράγοντας πολλών ψυχολογικών θεωριών.
Στην τέχνη, το περιβάλλον αποτελεί κινητήριο μοχλό και μούσα εμπνέοντας τους ζωγράφους ή τους ποιητές. Σε όλες τις μορφές της Τέχνης αποτελεί έμπνευση και οι Καλές Τέχνες φανερώνουν την επιρροή οπού άσκησε σε όλους τους καλλιτέχνες με όποιο είδος Τέχνης κι αν ασχολούνται. Ο άνθρωπος μέσα στο περιβάλλον δημιουργεί Μουσική, Ζωγραφική, Ποίηση, Γλυπτική, χορό, τραγούδι, θέατρο, αλλά και όλες οι μορφές τέχνης έχουν άμεση έμπνευση από το περιβάλλον.

Τετάρτη 10 Ιουλίου 2019

Oral Oncology

New articles available on ScienceDirect

New Articles in Press, 10 July
Current evidence on DNA aneuploidy cytology in noninvasive detection of oral cancer 
Available Online 10 July 2019 
Linjun Shi, Yufeng Wang, Chenxi Li, Wei Liu 
Podoplanin and ABCG2 expression in oral erythroplakia revisited: Potential evidence for cancer stem cells driving the process of field cancerization 
Available Online 10 July 2019 
Xi Yang, Linjun Shi, Zengtong Zhou, Wei Liu 
Nivolumab in patients with rare head and neck carcinomas: A single center's experience 
Available Online 09 July 2019 
Stefania Kokkali, Anna Ntokou, Maria Drizou, Konstantina Perdikari, Panagiotis Makaronis, Elena Katsarou, Nektarios Koufopoulos, Alexandros Tzovaras, Alexandros Ardavanis 

  1. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Podoplanin and ABCG2 expression in oral erythroplakia revisited: Potential evidence for cancer stem cells driving the process of field cancerization

    Xi Yang, Linjun Shi, Zengtong Zhou, Wei Liu
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 10 July 2019
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    Abstract

    A model of field cancerization orchestrated by the cancer stem cells (CSC) was proposed. Podoplanin and ABCG2 are promising marker of CSCs for head and neck cancer. We revisited the correlation of the two markers with the follow-up data of the patients with oral erythroplakia (OE). Strikingly, we observed that the expression of podoplanin and ABCG2 within a single pre-neoplastic OE lesion significantly correlate with subsequently developing multiple and multifocal carcinomas, thus to some extent demonstrating the concept of field cancerization. Collectively, a point to highlight was that a preliminary evidence that provided by this revisited study supported the perspective on cancer stem cells driving the process of field cancerization.

  2. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Current evidence on DNA aneuploidy cytology in noninvasive detection of oral cancer

    Linjun Shi, Yufeng Wang, Chenxi Li, Wei Liu
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 10 July 2019
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    Abstract

    DNA-aneuploidy cytology as a promising noninvasive tool in diagnosing oral precancer and cancer has been proposed in 2015. In this letter, we identified 9 studies on DNA aneuploidy cytology with special emphasis on using fresh tissue sample in detection of oral precancer and cancer. Evidence was updated as follows, for detection of OSCC in general oral lesions, the pooled sensitivity and specificity was 84.8 and 99.0 respectively; for discrimination of dysplasia and OSCC form oral lesions, the sensitivity and specificity was 75.7 and 76.8 respectively. On the whole, current evidence on the theme is not robust, and multicenter prospective studies are needed to consolidate the evidence.

  3. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Nivolumab in patients with rare head and neck carcinomas: A single center's experience

    Stefania Kokkali, Anna Ntokou, Maria Drizou, Konstantina Perdikari, ... Alexandros Ardavanis
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 July 2019
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    Abstract

    Immunotherapy (IO) with anti-PD1 inhibitors is available for the treatment of recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHD) since 2016. Both nivolumab and pembrolizumab were tested in phase 3 randomized trials in adults progressing on or after platinum-based therapy and were found to confer an overall survival benefit compared to investigator's choice. However, very limited data exist concerning IO use in rare subtypes of head and neck carcinoma, like salivary gland carcinoma.

    We retrospectively collected clinical data of all patients diagnosed with rare subtypes of head and neck carcinoma, who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in our department during the last 5 years. We analyzed safety and efficacy of these therapies.

    We identified six patients who received nivolumab for recurrent or metastatic head and neck carcinomas, between 31 and 57 years old. All patients had received at least one line of platinum-chemotherapy, as well as radiation therapy. Treatment was administered every 2 weeks, at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight. Number of nivolumab cycles varied between 2 and 18. Progression-free survival varied from 1 to 12 months and overall survival from 4 to 24 months. Tolerance was very good, except for one case of diabetes and hypothyroidism requiring medication.

    There is currently insufficient evidence regarding the optimal treatment of the rare non-squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Our case series supports a role for immunotherapy in these patients. However, larger collaborative studies are needed to evaluate this treatment.

  4. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Different responses to nivolumab therapy between primary and metastatic tumors in a patient with recurrent hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

    Kiminobu Sato, Takeharu Ono, Fumihiko Sato, Akihiko Kawahara, ... Hirohito Umeno
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 July 2019
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    Abstract

    We report the case of a 70-year-old man with primary and metastatic tumors, showing clinically progressive disease and complete response to nivolumab therapy, respectively. He underwent total pharyngo-laryngectomy, bilateral neck dissection, and reconstruction with free-jejunum after nivolumab therapy failure, and had no recurrent or newly arising lesions 8 months after the surgery. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that metastatic neck tumor with the clinical complete response to nivolumab showed higher PD-L1 expression with higher CD8+ TIL density, while primary lesion with progressive disease showed lower PD-L1 expression with lower CD8+ TIL density. This represents the first case reported on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with salvage surgery after nivolumab therapy failure.

  5. CorrespondenceNo access

    Comment on "Resolution without surgery of an advanced stage of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a patient who could not suspend her treatment for osteoporosis", by Sarmiento (2019)

    Patrícia Carlos Caldeira
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 July 2019
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  6. CorrespondenceNo access

    Combined parameter SUVmax/ADCmean predicts microvessel density in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary results

    Alexey Surov, Hans Jonas Meyer, Anne-Kathrin Höhn, Andreas Wienke, ... Sandra Purz
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 July 2019
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  7. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Complete response with neoadjuvant avelumab in Merkel cell carcinoma – A case report

    Nadine Abdallah, Misako Nagasaka, Tahmida Chowdhury, Kunil Raval, ... Ammar Sukari
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 2 July 2019
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    Abstract

    Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive neuroendocrine skin malignancy. We report here a case of localized MCC achieving pathologic complete response upon treatment with avelumab in the neoadjuvant setting. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed a close relationship between MCC and the immune system, thus supporting a role for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in MCC. This neoadjuvant use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can avoid potentially disfiguring surgery in MCC. As the incidence of MCC is rising, clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in resectable disease.

  8. CorrespondenceNo access

    Tongue cancer: A discrete oral cavity subsite

    Sameep S. Shetty, Akshay Kudpaje, Rama Jayaraj, Vishal Rao, Prit Kiran Shah
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 2 July 2019
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  9. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Intraoperative flow cytometry for head and neck lesions. Assessment of malignancy and tumour-free resection margins

    George Vartholomatos, Lentiona Basiari, George Exarchakos, Ioannis Kastanioudakis, ... George A. Alexiou
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 2 July 2019
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    Abstract

    Head and neck cancer poses a significant health problem worldwide. We set out to investigate the value of rapid intraoperative cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry for the intraoperative characterization of head and neck lesions and surgical margins. Seventy patients with head and neck lesions suspicious of malignancy were included in the study. There were 31 neoplastic and 39 benign lesions. Flow cytometry permitted the intraoperative detection of neoplastic lesions within 6 min with high sensitivity and specificity based on cell cycle fractions. In the cases in which surgical margins were assessed, intraoperative flow cytometry had complete concordance with pathology. Intreoperative flow cytometry is a novel promising technique for rapid intraoperative characterization of malignancy and tumour free resection margins in head and neck lesions.

  10. CorrespondenceNo access

    Cowden's syndrome: A case report

    Zhongfeng Liu, Qi Wang, Jun Li
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 28 June 2019
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  11. CorrespondenceNo access

    Agreement between skeletal muscle mass measurements using computed tomography imaging and magnetic resonance imaging in head and neck cancer patients

    N. Chargi, E. Ansari, L.F.J. Huiskamp, G. Bol, R. de Bree
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 26 June 2019
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  12. CorrespondenceAbstract only

    Medication related osteonecrosis of jaw in a leukemia patient undergoing systemic arsenic trioxide therapy: A rare case report

    Mathangi Kumar, Ravindranath Vineetha, Adarsh Kudva
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 26 June 2019
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    Abstract

    Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a potential side effect of certain pharmaceutical agents used in the field of medicine. Early diagnosis and effective management of this condition can be challenging to the clinicians. Bisphosphonates and other anti-angiogenic agents are the most common drugs that are attributed to cause medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. In the past, arsenic-based compounds were commonly used local agents for pulp devitalization therapy. Arsenic is also one of the components of the chemotherapeutic regimen in the management of refractory leukemia. Although local diffusion of the arsenic compounds is known to cause osteonecrosis, there are no reports of the same caused by its systemic administration. Here, we present the first ever case of mandibular bone necrosis in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent systemic arsenic trioxide therapy.

  13. CorrespondenceNo access

    Limiting radiotherapy field to ipsilateral side only in unresected lateralised HPV positive N2b squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil

    Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Josef Kovarik, Charles Kelly
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 12 June 2019
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  14. CorrespondenceNo access

    Conceptual interpretation of findings on systematic review and meta-analysis of altered-fractionation radiotherapy improves local control in the early-stage glottic carcinoma

    Rama Jayaraj, Chellan Kumarasamy, Shanthi Sabarimurugan, Madurantakam Royam Madhav, ... Siddhartha Baxi
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 7 June 2019
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  15. CorrespondenceNo access

    Together consideration of microenvironment and tumor cells: Analysis of papers published in Oral Oncology

    Gargi S. Sarode, Sachin C. Sarode, Nilookumari Choudhary, Nilesh Kumar Sharma, ... Shankargouda Patil
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 7 June 2019
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  16. ErratumFull text access

    Corrigendum to 'Clinical perineural invasion of cutaneous head and neck cancer: Impact of radiotherapy, imaging, and nerve growth factor receptors on symptom control and prognosis'. [Oral Oncol. 85 (2018) 60–67]

    Jie Jane Chen, Jeremy P. Harris, Christina S. Kong, John B. Sunwoo, ... Wendy Y. Hara
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 4 June 2019
    Download PDF
  17. CorrespondenceNo access

    Resolution without surgery of an advanced stage of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a patient who could not suspend her treatment for osteoporosis

    Ana Karina Sarmiento L.
    In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 4 June 2019
    Purchase PDF

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