Abstract
Based on previous research on the acute toxicity of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and HCO3-/CO32-) to Ceriodaphnia dubia, a mathematical model was developed for predicting the LC50 for any ion mixture, excepting those dominated by K-specific toxicity. One component of the model describes a mechanism of general ion toxicity to which all ions contribute, and predicts LC50s as a function of osmolarity and Ca activity. The other component describes Mg/Ca-specific toxicity to apply when such toxicity exceeds the general ion toxicity, and predicts LC50s as a function of Mg and Ca activities. This model not only tracks well the observed LC50s from past research used for model development, but also successfully predicts LC50s from new toxicity tests on synthetic mixtures of ions emulating chemistries of various ion-enriched effluents and receiving waters. It also performs better than a previously-published model for major ion toxicity. Because of the complexities of estimating chemical activities and osmolarity, a simplified model based directly on ion concentrations was also developed and found to provide useful predictions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
from Enviromental via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2v0Pf4I
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου