Abstract
High-throughput cell assays that detect and integrate the response of multiple chemicals acting via a common mode of action have the potential to enhance current environmental monitoring practices. Establishing the linkage between in vitro and in vivo responses is key to demonstrate that in vitro cell assays can be predictive of ecologically relevant outcomes. This study investigated the potency of 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), nonylphenol (NP), and treated wastewater effluent using the readily available GeneBLAzer® estrogen receptor transactivation assay and two life stages of the inland silverside (Menidia beryllina). In vitro estrogenic potencies were ranked as follows: E2 > E1 >> NP. All three model estrogens induced vitellogenin and choriogenin expression in a dose-dependent manner in larvae and juveniles. However, apical effects were only found for E2 and E1 exposures of juveniles, which resulted in female-skewed sex ratios. Wastewater effluent samples exhibiting low in vitro estrogenicity (below EC10), did not cause significant changes in M. beryllina. Significant induction of estrogen-responsive genes was observed at concentrations 6–26 times higher than in vitro responses. Gonadal feminization occurred at concentrations at least 19–26 times higher than the in vitro responses. These findings indicated that in vitro cell assays were more sensitive than the fish assays, making it possible to develop in vitro effect thresholds protective of aquatic organisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
from Enviromental via alkiviadis.1961 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zblGlR
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου