Abstract
As technological interest and environmental emissions of the rare earth elements (REE) increase, it is becoming more important to assess their potential environmental impact. Samarium (Sm) is a lanthanide of intermediate molar mass that is used in numerous high technology applications including wind turbines, solar panels and electric vehicles. The present study relates the speciation of samarium (Sm) determined in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) to its bioavailability to the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The free ion concentration was determined using a cation exchange resin (IET) in dynamic mode and compared to thermodynamic modelling. Short-term biouptake experiments were performed in the presence of 4 types of NOM: Suwannee River fulvic acids, Pahokee Peat fulvic acids, Suwannee River humic acids and a Luther Marsh dissolved organic matter isolate (90-95% humic acids). The results clearly showed that even a small amount of NOM (0.5 mg C L−1) resulted in a significant decrease (10x) in the Sm internalization fluxes. Furthermore, complexation with humic acids (and the corresponding reduction in Sm bioavailability) was stronger than for the fulvic acids. The results showed that the experimentally measured (free) Sm was a better predictor of Sm internalization than either the total concentrations or the free ion concentrations obtained using thermodynamic modelling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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