Abstract
The present study assessed cadmium uptake and depuration rates in the euryhaline estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians under different exposure routes. Postlarval shrimp were exposed for four days under different exposure routes; through contaminated water, contaminated diet and a two-way exposure scenario where both contaminated water + diet were used. After exposure, postlarval shrimp were transferred to a clean medium and fed a non-contaminated diet for 96 h. Bioaccumulation via the different exposure routes was modeled with a standard first-order one-compartment toxicokinetics model and one with an additional parameter reflecting an inert fraction or storage compartment. The simultaneous two-way exposure (through water and diet) resulted in accumulation being almost twice as high as the sum of the individual exposure routes, thus indicating that accumulation from multiple routes may be more than additive. Cadmium uptake from water was faster than uptake from food maintained for 48 h at that same cadmium concentration. Shrimp were unable to eliminate cadmium from their body, showing no depuration during 96 h after exposure via different routes, thus suggesting that a longer depuration period is needed. Model comparisons did not provide a significantly better fit when the model included the presence of an inert fraction. The present study highlights the importance of assessing accumulation using multiple exposure routes compared to individual ones, as the latter may underestimate bioaccumulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
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