Στην βιολογία, το περιβάλλον μπορεί να καθοριστεί σαν ενα σύνολο κλιματικών, βιοτικών, κοινωνικών και εδαφικών παραγόντων που δρουν σε έναν οργανισμό και καθορίζουν την ανάπτυξη και την επιβίωση του. Έτσι, περιλαμβάνει οτιδήποτε μπορεί να επηρεάσει άμεσα τον μεταβολισμό ή τη συμπεριφορά των ζωντανών οργανισμών ή ειδών, όπως το φως, ο αέρας, το νερό, το έδαφος και άλλοι παράγοντες. Δείτε επίσης το άρθρο για το φυσικό περιβάλλον και τη φυσική επιλογή.
Στην αρχιτεκτονική, την εργονομία και την ασφάλεια στην εργασία, περιβάλλον είναι το σύνολο των χαρακτηριστικών ενός δωματίου ή κτιρίου που επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα ζωής και την αποδοτικότητα, περιλαμβανομένων των διαστάσεων και της διαρρύθμισης των χώρων διαβίωσης και της επίπλωσης, του φωτισμού, του αερισμού, της θερμοκρασίας, του θορύβου κλπ. Επίσης μπορεί να αναφέρεται στο σύνολο των δομικών κατασκευών. Δείτε επίσης το άρθρο για το δομημένο περιβάλλον.
Στην ψυχολογία, περιβαλλοντισμός είναι η θεωρία ότι το περιβάλλον (με τη γενική και κοινωνική έννοια) παίζει μεγαλύτερο ρόλο από την κληρονομικότητα καθορίζοντας την ανάπτυξη ενός ατόμου. Συγκεκριμένα, το περιβάλλον είναι ένας σημαντικός παράγοντας πολλών ψυχολογικών θεωριών.
Στην τέχνη, το περιβάλλον αποτελεί κινητήριο μοχλό και μούσα εμπνέοντας τους ζωγράφους ή τους ποιητές. Σε όλες τις μορφές της Τέχνης αποτελεί έμπνευση και οι Καλές Τέχνες φανερώνουν την επιρροή οπού άσκησε σε όλους τους καλλιτέχνες με όποιο είδος Τέχνης κι αν ασχολούνται. Ο άνθρωπος μέσα στο περιβάλλον δημιουργεί Μουσική, Ζωγραφική, Ποίηση, Γλυπτική, χορό, τραγούδι, θέατρο, αλλά και όλες οι μορφές τέχνης έχουν άμεση έμπνευση από το περιβάλλον.

Τετάρτη 1 Δεκεμβρίου 2021

Expression and clinical significance of lncRNA TCL6 in serum of patients with preeclampsia

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Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jan;23(1):41. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10963. Epub 2021 Nov 12.

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is a common syndrome in pregnancy and a leading cause of mortality of pregnant females and their infants. To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of lncRNA T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (TCL6) in patients with preeclampsia, 120 singleton pregnant females with preeclampsia and another 100 healthy pregnant control subjects were analyzed in the present study. The expression of lncRNA TCL6 in the serum of the included patients was detected. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to evaluate the efficiency of lncRNA TCL6 in terms of preeclampsia diagnosis and grading. Kaplan-Meier analysis was adopted to assess the effect of lncRNA TCL6 expression on the rate of adverse pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine high-risk factors of adverse pregnancy. The results indicated that lncRNA T CL6 was significantly increased in the serum of patients with preeclampsia. Furthermore, TCL6 was elevated in subgroups of patients with early-onset or severe preeclampsia and with Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count syndrome in comparison with other patients with preeclampsia. High expression of TCL6 in pregnant females corresponded to a higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Severe preeclampsia, early-onset preeclampsia and high TCL6 expression were identified as independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. For each unit increase in TCL6 expression, a 9.5-fold increase of the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes was determined. Collectively, high expression of lncRNA TCL6 may assist the diagnosis and grading of preeclampsia and may be adopted as an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

PMID:34849156 | PMC:PMC8613530 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10963

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Acute kidney injury in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients: Report of two university hospitals

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Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jan;23(1):37. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10959. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a retrospective study, we aimed to describe the influence of COVID-19-related factors on the severity, outcome and timing of AKI in 268 patients admitted in two large COVID-19-designated university hospitals over a period of 6 months. In the univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between KDIGO stage and the extension of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography (CT), need for oxygen supplementation, serum levels of ferritin, interleukin-6, and procalcitonin, but none of these variables had a value for predicting KDIGO stage in multinomial regression. The odds of recovery of renal function were significantly diminished by d-dimer values. Lack of immunomodulatory treatment was found to be correlated with increased need for renal replacemen t therapy (RRT). Compared with AKI at admission, hospital-acquired AKI was predicted by the severity of lung damage on CT, evolved more frequently with incomplete recovery of renal function, and was significantly associated with antiviral therapy.

PMID:34849152 | PMC:PMC8613528 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10959

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Graves' Autoantibodies Exhibit Different Stimulating Activities in Cultures of Thyrocytes and Orbital Fibroblasts Not Reflected by Clinical Assays

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Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
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Τρίτη 30 Νοεμβρίου 2021

Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt to Uterus In A Child: A Case Report

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J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2021 Nov 26:S1083-3188(21)00343-0. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.11.004. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is usually placed inside the peritoneal cavity for cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Rarely, it can migrate to various pelvic visceral organs. Inside the pelvis, the distal end of the shunt can perforate anywhere from the uterus or adnexa to the vulva and migration through the uterus is extremely rare.

CASE: A three-and-a-half-year-old girl presented with CSF leak through the vagina following uterine perforation by VPS. The diagnosis was made with an ultrasound. Her symptoms resolved following revision surgery.

CONCLUSION: In a patient with a VPS in situ, presenting with a watery fluid leak through vagina, perforation of fornix or uterus must always be kept in mind. Timely diagnosis and intervention can result in the prevention of complications.

PMID:34843976 | DOI:10.1016/j.jpag.2021.11.004

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Geographic disparities in head and neck cancer survival

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the association between distance to care-center and urban–rural residence on 5-year overall survival (OS) from head and neck cancer (HNC).

Materials and methods

Five-year OS was retrospectively measured from date of initial diagnosis for patients with HNC treated at a single tertiary care center. Distances were calculated based on ZIP code of patient's residence and care center. Multilevel Weibull regression was used to adjust for confounders and identify disparities in 5-year all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 670 patients included in study. Multivariable analysis revealed older age or late-stage cancer at diagnosis, and HPV negative status were associated with poorer OS. Patients residing in isolated small rural town (HR = 2.20, p = 0.015) or small rural town (HR = 2.07, p = 0.015) had lower OS. Distance to care center was not associated with OS (HR = 0.996, p = 0.11).

Conclusions

Greater rurality was associated with poorer OS among HNC patients in Upstate New York.

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Heads up reconstructive microsurgery: Utilisation of the three-dimensional microscope in microvascular procedures

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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Nov 15:S1748-6815(21)00575-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.036. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Since the earliest use of microscopes in surgery, several modifications have been made to improve the ergonomics of movement and posture, increase the resolution, and expand the visual field. The three-dimensional microscopes are latest innovation in this field. Despite the wider use of 3D microscopes in other specialities, their use in the reconstructive microsurgery in the United Kingdom is still limited. Reconstructive microsurgeons are highly skilled surgeons that are trained to operate utilising the microscope for long hours. This poses an occupational risk with a specific pattern of work-related conditions.

AIMS AND METHODS: We aim in this report to demonstrate our experience utilising 3D microscopes in small cohort of patients matched to a control of patients operated utilising the traditional microscopes. Patients were matched by age, comorbidities, oncologic procedures. This was complemented by a survey completed by the operating surgeons.

RESULTS: Nine patients were included in each group. There was no significant difference in operative or ischemia time and no significant post-operative complications in both groups. The surgeons reported better ergonomics, improved staff engagement, and a better teaching experience when utilising the 3D microscopes compared to traditional microscopes.

CONCLUSION: The utilisation of the 3D microscopes in reconstructive microsurgery has shown to provide comfort, improve ergonomics of movement and posture without significant clinical implications in this series.

PMID:34844881 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.036

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Proximal tibial dimensions in a formalin-fixed neonatal cadaver sample: an intraosseous infusion approach

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Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Nov 29. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02843-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Methods to administer intramedullary medication and fluid infusion in both adults and children date to the early twentieth century. Studies have shown that intraosseous access in the proximal tibia is ideal for resuscitation efforts as fewer critical structures are at risk, and neither is the blood flow to the lower limbs compromised. Insertion of a needle in children you nger than 5 years does have the risk to damage to the epiphyseal growth plate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal intraosseous insertion site distal to the epiphyseal growth plate in neonates.

METHODS: The samples consisted of both the left and right sides of 15 formalin-fixed neonatal cadavers. The dimensions were measured on the superior surfaces of each section, anteromedial border, cortical thickness, and medullary space.

RESULTS: The most desirable location to gain vascular access is at 10 mm inferior to the tibial tuberosity.

CONCLUSION: The smallest cortical thickness (1.32 mm), the largest medullary space (4.50 mm), and the largest anteromedial surface (7.72 mm) were observed at 10 mm inferior to the tibial tuberosity. It is imperative that health care professionals are familiar with the osteological sites that could be safely used for an intraosseous infusion procedure.

PMID:34845509 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02843-1

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