Entwicklung auditiver Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsleistungen mit und ohne AVWS im Grundschulalter

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Entwicklung auditiver Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsleistungen mit und ohne AVWS im Grundschulalter Via Sprache · Stimme · Gehör Sprache · Stimme · Gehör 2022; 46: 44-50 DOI: 10.1055/a-1745-7502 Hintergrund Ob sich die an unauffälligen Kindern beschriebenen Reifungsprozesse des zentralen Hörsystems auch an Kindern mit auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS) im Grundschulalter nachweisen lassen, sollte an 2 Schülerjahrgängen (1. und 4. Klasse) im Kontrollgruppenvergleich untersucht werden. Material und Methoden In die Auswertung gingen 7 Testergebnisse von 82 Erstklässlern (40 mit AVWS; 42 unauffällige Kinder) und 65 Viertklässlern (35 mit AVWS; 30 unauffällige Kinder) ein. Es wurde eine ANOVA mit dem Gesamtsummenwert aus folgenden 7 Untersuchungen sowie anschließend eine MANOVA mit den Einzeltestergebnissen durchgeführt: Göttinger Sprachaudiometrie II im Störgeräusch; dichotisches Wortpaarverstehen (Uttenweiler-Test); Phonemdifferenzierung, Phonemidentifikation, Phonemanalyse (Subtests aus Heidelberger Lautdifferenzierungstest); Zahlenfolgen-Gedächtnis (Subtest aus psycholinguistischem Entwicklungstest); Mottier-Test. Ergebnisse Die ANOVA zeigte signifikante Haupteffekte von „Schuljahr" (p < 0,001; η² = 0,418) und „Gruppe" (p < 0,001; η² = 0,690), jedoch keine Interaktionseffekte zwischen beiden. Das Ergebnis der MANOVA war ähnlich bzgl. der o. g. Haupteffekte; nur für 2 Tests (Phonemidentifikation, Phonemanalyse) wurde die Interaktion der Faktoren Schuljahr und Gruppe mit jeweils geringen Effektstärken von 3 bzw. 6 % statistisch signifikant. Diskussion Gemäß dieser Querschnittsstudie scheint der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Gruppen unabhängig vom Schuljahr zu sein. Fazit Im Grundschulalter gibt es nicht nur für unauffällige Kinder, sondern auch für solche mit AVWS Hinweise auf eine Reifung des zentralen Hörsystems. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Normative measurements of the superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles by magnetic resonance imaging

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Normative measurements of the superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles by magnetic resonance imaging Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Mar 8. doi: 10.1007/s00276-022-02915-w. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Normative oblique muscle data may help to diagnose pathological enlargement of the oblique muscles. We aim to describe the normative values of the superior and inferior oblique muscles in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent 3 T orbital MRI. The healthy orbits were used to conduct measurements in patients with a unilateral orbital lesion. The maximum diameters of the superior and inferior oblique muscles were measured on coronal planes. The diameter was measured perpendicular to the long axis of the muscles. RESULTS: The normal measurements (mean ± SD) on fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 3.0 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.7 ± 0.5 mm. On T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 2.8 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.5 ± 0.4 mm. In patients who had both sequences performed, the superior and inferior oblique diameters were significantly higher on the fat suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI than the T1-weighted MRI sequence (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Oblique muscle enlargement may be seen in a range of orbital diseases. These data may help in diagnosing oblique muscle enlargement. In addition, variations in the measured muscle diameters can be seen according to the scan sequence th at is used. PMID:35258651 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-022-02915-w View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Current management and perspectives for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Current management and perspectives for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma Via oto-rhino-laryngologie Cancer Radiother. 2022 Mar 3:S1278-3218(22)00030-0. doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis is often made at a locally advanced stage (75 to 90% of cases) due to its deep localization. Concomitant radio-chemotherapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of locally advanced forms. The advent of intensity-modulated radiotherapy has improved oncological outcomes and reduced toxicity and is currently the gold standard for irradiation technique. For the locally advanced stage, the addition of induction chemotherapy has become the new standard care according to the latest international recommendations to reduce tumor volumes and act early on micro-metastases. Despite these therapeutic advances, the local and especially distant failure rate remains high. This article reviews current treatment strategies and discuss new approaches and perspectives of locoregional and systemic treatment to re duce treatment failures. PMID:35249815 | DOI:10.1016/j.canrad.2021.11.026 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Neural Contributions to the Cochlear Summating Potential: Spiking and Dendritic Components

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Neural Contributions to the Cochlear Summating Potential: Spiking and Dendritic Components Via Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Abstract Using electrocochleography, the summating potential (SP) is a deflection from baseline to tones and an early rise in the response to clicks. Here, we use normal hearing gerbils and gerbils with outer hair cells removed with a combination of furosemide and kanamycin to investigate cellular origins of the SP. Round window electrocochleography to tones and clicks was performed before and after application of tetrodotoxin to prevent action potentials, and then again after kainic acid to prevent generation of an EPSP. With appropriate subtractions of the response curves from the different conditions, the contributions to the SP from outer hair cells, inner hair cell, and neural "spiking" and "dendritic" responses were isolated. Like hair cells, the spiking and dendritic components had opposite polarities to tones — the dendritic component had negative polarity and the spiking component had positive polarity. The magnitude of the spiking component was larger than the dendritic across frequencies and intensities. The onset to tones and to clicks followed a similar sequence; the outer hair cells responded first, then inner hair cells, then the dendritic component, and then the compound action potential of the spiking response. These results show the sources of the SP include at least the four components studied, and that these have a mixture of polarities and magnitudes that vary across frequency and intensity. Thus, multiple possible interactions must be considered when interpreting the SP for clinical uses. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Firing Rate Adaptation of the Human Auditory Nerve Optimizes Neural Signal-to-Noise Ratios

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Firing Rate Adaptation of the Human Auditory Nerve Optimizes Neural Signal-to-Noise Ratios Via Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Abstract Several physiological mechanisms act on the response of the auditory nerve (AN) during acoustic stimulation, resulting in an adjustment in auditory gain. These mechanisms include—but are not limited to—firing rate adaptation, dynamic range adaptation, the middle ear muscle reflex, and the medial olivocochlear reflex. A potential role of these mechanisms is to improve the neural signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the AN in real time. This study tested the hypothesis that neural SNRs, inferred from non-invasive assessment of the human AN, improve over the duration of acoustic stimulation. Cochlear potentials were measured in response to a series of six high-level clicks embedded in a series of six lower-level broadband noise bursts. This paradigm elicited a compound action potential (CAP) in response to each click and to the onset of each noise burst. The ratio of CAP amplitudes elicited by each click and noise burst pair (i.e., neural SNR) was tracke d over the six click/noise bursts. The main finding was a rapid (< 24 ms) increase in neural SNR from the first to the second click/noise burst, consistent with a real-time adjustment in the response of the auditory periphery toward improving the SNR of the signal transmitted to the brainstem. Analysis of cochlear microphonic and ear canal sound pressure recordings, as well as the time course for this improvement in neural SNR, supports the conclusion that firing rate adaptation is likely the primary mechanism responsible for improving neural SNR, while dynamic range adaptation, the middle ear muscle reflex, and the medial olivocochlear reflex played a secondary role on the effects observed in this study. Real-time improvements in neural SNR are significant because they may be essential for robust encoding of speech and other relevant stimuli in the presence of background noise. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Bioinspired Super-Strong Aqueous Synthetic Tissue Adhesives

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Bioinspired Super-Strong Aqueous Synthetic Tissue Adhesives Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Matter. 2022 Mar 2;5(3):933-956. doi: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.12.018. Epub 2022 Jan 25. ABSTRACT Existing tissue adhesives and sealants are far from satisfactory when applied on wet and dynamic tissues. Herein, we report a strategy for designing biodegradable super-strong aqueous glue (B-Seal) for surgical uses inspired by an English ivy adhesion strategy and a cement particle packing theory. B-Seal is a fast-gelling, super-strong, and elastic adhesive sealant composed of injectable water-borne biodegradable polyurethane (WPU) nanodispersions with mismatched particle sizes and counterions in its A-B formulation. B-Seal showed 24-fold greater burst pressure than DuraSeal®, 138-fold greater T-pull adhesive strength than fibrin glue, and 16-fold greater lap shear strength than fibrin glue. In vivo evaluation on a rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea model and a porcine craniotomy model validated the safety and efficacy of B-Seal for effective C SF leak prevention and dura repair. The plant-inspired adhesion strategy combined with particle packing theory represents a new direction of designing the next-generation wet tissue adhesives for surgeries. PMID:35252844 | PMC:PMC8896806 | DOI:10.1016/j.matt.2021.12.018 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Paget's disease of bone and megaloblastic anemia in a 72-year-old patient: A case report and systematic literature review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Paget's disease of bone and megaloblastic anemia in a 72-year-old patient: A case report and systematic literature review Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):269. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11195. Epub 2022 Feb 8. ABSTRACT Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by abnormal osteoclastic bone resorption with disorganized bone neo-formation, primarily affecting elderly (>55 years) patients. Although the majority of patients are asymptomatic, some patients may experience bone pain due to local periosteal involvement or osteoarthritic lesions in the spine; in addition, limb deformities may lead to secondary gait problems or degenerative joint changes. Anemia has an overall prevalence of 12-17% in elderly adults (>65 years old), with macrocytic anemia being the less common type. Megaloblastic anemia is a macrocytic anemia characterized by the presence of large, immature, nucleated cells (megaloblasts) in the blood, with the most common cause being a deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12. We herein report the rare case of a 72-year-old male patient exhibitin g both these conditions, with the aim of discussing the possible association between the two and, most importantly, the clinical management of the patient in a real-life setting over a period of 10 years. The patient was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms (bone pain), radiological imaging and specific laboratory tests, and received discontinuous courses of bisphosphonates and cyanocobalamin supplementation therapy, based mainly on aggravated symptomatology. A systematic literature review was also performed and revealed not only the scarcity of reports on similar cases, but also the mechanisms that may underlie the possible association of PDB with macrocytic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly patients. PMID:35251335 | PMC:PMC8892619 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11195 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.